Peptic ulcer affects 5-10% of population with 0.1-0.3% annual incidence. Complications occur in 10-20% of patients despite 30-year reduction in mortality. Hemorrhage is most common complication, with 8.6% 30-day mortality
Treats ulcers in upper small intestine. Forms protective coating over ulcers to heal. Available as 1g/10mL suspension or 1g tablets
Treats duodenal, gastric ulcers and reflux oesophagitis. Controls stomach acid production through proton pump inhibitors. Used for Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and Helicobacter pylori eradication. Can prevent NSAID-related gastrointestinal lesions
Vagotomy involves removing part of the vagus nerve during abdominal surgery. Plain vagotomy eliminates stomach and colon innervation. Highly selective vagotomy denervates stomach fundus and body. All types can be performed laparotomically or laparoscopically
Stomach is located inferior to esophagus, connecting to duodenum. Empty stomach is fist-sized, can hold up to 4 liters of food. Stomach serves as temporary holding chamber, not primary digestion site. Contains four main regions: cardia, fundus, body, and pylorus
Gastrointestinal wall consists of four layers: mucosa, submucosa, muscular layer, and serosa/adventitia. Mucosa is innermost layer, directly contacting digested food. Submucosa contains nerves, blood vessels, and elastic fibers. Muscular layer consists of longitudinal and circular smooth muscle layers. Serosa/adventitia forms outer layer, preventing friction damage