Papillary thyroid cancer is most common with best outcomes. Follicular thyroid cancer follows with great outcomes. Hurthle Cell, Medullary, and Anaplastic cancers are less common
Tirzepatide causes dose-dependent thyroid C-cell tumors in rats. Contraindicated in patients with MTC history or MEN 2. Can cause severe gastrointestinal adverse reactions. May lead to acute kidney injury from dehydration. Associated with increased risk of acute gallbladder disease
Hürthle cell carcinoma is a rare type of differentiated thyroid cancer. Accounts for 3-10% of all differentiated thyroid cancers. Hürthle cells are large, polygonal cells with abundant granular cytoplasm. First described by Askanasy in 1898, mistakenly named after Karl Hürthle
Radical neck dissection is standard basic procedure for cervical lymphadenectomy. Modified radical dissection preserves spinal accessory nerve, internal jugular vein, and sternomastoid muscle. Selective neck dissection preserves one or more lymph node groups normally removed. Extended neck dissection removes additional structures not routinely included
Vandetanib (Caprelsa) is an anti-cancer medication for thyroid gland tumors. Developed by AstraZeneca, later acquired by Sanofi in 2015. Approved by FDA in 2011 for late-stage thyroid cancer treatment
Thyroid gland is shaped like butterfly with lobes connected by isthmus. Nodules are found in 6% of women and 1-2% of men. 95% of thyroid nodules are benign