Nerve conduction velocity measures the speed of electrochemical impulse propagation. Normal conduction velocities range from 50-60 m/s for most nerves. Myelinated neurons can conduct up to 120 m/s
Romberg's test evaluates balance through proprioception, vestibular function, and vision. Patient stands with feet together, eyes open, and hands by sides. Test requires 30 seconds of standing with eyes closed. Positive test shows increased loss of balance when eyes are closed
HIV tests detect virus in blood, saliva, or urine using antibodies, antigens, or RNA. Window period is 18 days for antibody/antigen testing, 11.5 days with NAT. ELISA and western blot combination tests provide highest diagnostic accuracy
Panorama screens for genetic conditions caused by extra or missing chromosomes. Only NIPT that tests for triploidy. Uses unique technology to distinguish between mother and baby's DNA
FVC measures forcefully exhaled air after deep breath. Test helps distinguish between obstructive and restrictive lung diseases. Normal adult FVC range is 3.0-5.0 L
Ki-67 is a protein found in actively dividing cancer cells. Higher Ki-67 levels indicate faster cancer cell multiplication. Test uses antibody to detect Ki-67 protein under microscope