There have been 46 US presidents in total. Youngest president was John F. Kennedy at 43. Oldest president is Joe Biden at 78. Franklin D. Roosevelt served longest term (4 terms). William Henry Harrison served shortest term (1 month)
January is named after Roman god Janus, meaning arched gateway. Month has 31 days and is first in Gregorian calendar. Numa Pompilius added January and February around 700 BCE
Floods occurred from June to August 1931, affecting major Chinese cities. Heavy spring rain and melting snow created single continuous deluge. Floods covered 180,000 square kilometres, equivalent to England and Scotland. Water levels reached 16 meters above average at Hankou on August 19
Pyrrhic victory means a devastating victory that is tantamount to defeat. Term comes from King Pyrrhus's defeat of Romans at Asculum in 279 BC. Pyrrhus declared another such victory would destroy his forces
Guano is seabird or bat excrement used as fertilizer since 1548. European discovery in 1802 led to widespread guano trade. Peru nationalized guano in 1840, becoming largest source of revenue. Chile gained control after War of the Pacific in 1884. U.S. annexed nearly 100 guano islands in 1856
Global economic downturn from 1929 to 1939 characterized by high unemployment and poverty. Wall Street crash in October 1929 marked beginning of crisis. Roaring Twenties brought wealth but led to speculation and wealth inequality. Banks operated under minimal regulation, leading to widespread debt