Sigma male is a term describing independent men who defy traditional masculinity stereotypes. Not scientifically recognized, mainly used as pop culture reference. Driven by strong self-awareness and introspection
Politeness is the practical application of manners to avoid offense and create comfort. Brown and Levinson identified four types: negative, non-assertive, and assertive politeness. Positive politeness allows breaking cultural standards within personal boundaries
Social norms are shared standards of acceptable behavior by groups. Norms can be informal understandings or codified rules and laws. Scholars distinguish between regulative, constitutive, and prescriptive norms
Deviance refers to actions that violate social norms, both formally and informally. Social norms vary across societies and cultures, with deviance being relative to time and place. Deviance can be positive or negative, with some behaviors still considered acceptable
Social norms are unwritten rules about appropriate behavior in groups. Norms can vary across small and large social groups. They help people conform to expected behavior
PDA includes hugging, kissing, and hand-holding in public spaces. Social media posts of intimate moments are technically PDA. Small gestures like hugging and hand-holding are generally acceptable