Established by President James Monroe in 1823. Warned European powers against interference in Western Hemisphere. Created separate spheres of influence for Americas and Europe. Based on Washington's Neutrality Proclamation and Farewell Address
Empire describes political dominance over another state. Hegemony differs from empire by enforcing international rules
Thirteen British colonies declared independence in 1776. Articles of Confederation established in 1781. Treaty of Paris of 1783 doubled colonies' size
Independence means residents exercise self-government and sovereignty over their territory. Independence is the opposite of dependent territories or colonies. Independence Day celebrates freedom from colonialism and interference
Ancient civilizations practiced colonization from 3200 BC to 7th century AD. Portuguese started modern colonization with conquest of Ceuta in 1415. Caravel technology enabled European exploration of Africa and Americas. First European settlement in Africa was Canary Islands (1402-1496)
Indigenous peoples inhabited Canada for millennia with distinct trade networks. First European contact was by John Cabot in 1497. French claimed Canada in 1534, establishing permanent settlements in 1608. French and British wars occurred from 1688 to 1763