SMMM (CPA/ACCA) is mandatory for foreign companies in Turkey. YMM (Sworn-in CPA) is optional but required for certain company sizes. SMMM can work independently or directly under company
SMMMs are equivalent to CPA/ACCA in Turkey. Foreign companies must work with SMMMs for tax declarations. YMMs are required for larger companies meeting specific criteria
Accounting profession gained legal recognition in Turkey in 1989. TÜRMOB was established in 1989 under Law 3568. Law defines two professional categories: SMMM and YMM