Last major plague outbreak in England during Second Pandemic (1331-1750). Killed approximately 100,000 people in 18 months. Caused by Yersinia pestis bacterium transmitted by fleas. Last widespread outbreak of plague in England during 400-year period
First documented plague outbreak occurred in 541-549 AD. Affected Mediterranean Basin, Europe, and Near East. Named after Byzantine Emperor Justinian I. Killed about a fifth of Constantinople's population
First outbreak occurred in London in 1485 during Henry VII's reign. Disease spread rapidly, killing up to half of the population. Affected all social classes, especially young men aged 30-40. Last major outbreak occurred in Shrewsbury in 1551, killing around 1,000
Influenza pandemics spread across large regions and infect large populations. Five major pandemics occurred in last 140 years, most severe being 1918. Pandemics occur when new virus strains spread from animals to humans. Influenza viruses can remain infectious for weeks at body temperature
After Napoleon's fall, the 19th century became more peaceful. World population surpassed one billion for the first time. Britain and Russia emerged as global superpowers
Two main species: American and European mink. Wild males weigh 1 kg, females 600g. Have brown coats with white spots, can be white or black on farms. Show delayed implantation, gestation 39-76 days