Carnival originated as ancient Egyptian pagan festival marking winter's end. Celebrated before Lent in February/March, spreading worldwide. Trinidad and Tobago carnival emerged from resistance against slavery
First celebrated in Italy in 1094 as Carnevale. First Brazilian Carnival in 1641 celebrated by Portuguese immigrants. Combines Portuguese and African cultures through samba dance. Samba schools established in 1920s, first parade in 1932
Brazil has over 4,500 miles of coastline in South Atlantic. Tropical climate ensures sunbathing opportunities. Many beaches are remote and largely undeveloped
Carioca refers to residents of Rio de Janeiro and their culture. Term originates from Tupi "kari' oka" meaning "white house". Replaced by Fluminense as official demonym in 1783. Became official demonym of Rio municipality in 1975
Galeão Airport was established in 1923 as a Naval Aviation School. Became Galeão Air Force Base in 1941. Served as Brazil's major international hub during 1970s. Concorde made its scheduled maiden flight to Galeão in 1976
Located 396m above Guanabara Bay in Rio de Janeiro. Named after its shape resembling refined sugar loaves. Part of monolithic granite and quartz mountains around Rio. Protected by Natural Monument since 2006, UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2012