Largest muscle in body, up to 20x40 cm, allowing large wound coverage. Originates from iliac crest and thoracolumbar fascia, inserts into humerus. Supplied by thoracodorsal artery and subscapular artery branches. Can be re-innervated as functional muscle using thoracodorsal nerve
Patient lies on back with bed head elevated 60-90 degrees. Legs can be straight or bent at knees. Pillow can be placed under calves for support
Facilitates sustained deep breaths mimicking natural sighing. Uses visual cues to monitor patient's inspiratory effort. Requires maximal inspiration from FRC to total lung capacity. Prevents and reverses atelectasis when used properly
Thoracotomy is surgical access to chest pleural space for thoracic organs. Commonly used for heart, lung, esophagus, aorta, and spine surgeries. First step in lung cancer surgeries and major trauma procedures
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Combines low transverse abdominal incision with vertical midline fascial incision. Requires accurate pathology assessment prior to surgery. Limited by incisions being made at 90° to each other