Swing low refers to price troughs in fewer than 20 trading periods. Swing low is created when price is lower than surrounding prices. Swing highs are opposite of swing lows. Observation of swing lows is subjective based on time frame
Wedge pattern shows converging trend lines over 10-50 trading periods. Pattern indicates potential price reversal in current trend. Three common characteristics: converging trend lines, declining volume, breakout
Pullback is a brief decline in an upward price trend. Typically lasts only a few consecutive sessions. Ends when price drops to technical support levels. Can occur for various reasons unrelated to fundamentals
VWMA combines price and volume to determine average asset price over time. Calculated by summing volume and price multiplied by total volume. Provides more accurate market value representation than traditional price charts
Thomas N. Bulkowski wrote the book after experiencing career changes and technical analysis challenges. The book was updated in 2005 after the 2000-2002 bear market. The second edition includes 14 new chart patterns and 9 new event patterns
KAMA was developed by Perry J. Kaufman in 1998, combining price action and volatility. Unlike traditional moving averages, it filters out market noise. Indicator aims to generate fewer false trading signals