Ottoman state emerged as frontier principality in early 14th century. Mongol invasions in 1220s led to Turcoman migration to western Anatolia. Ottoman victory at Baphaeon in 1302 established principality's true foundation. Holy War (gazâ) became fundamental principle of Ottoman state
Founded in 1299 by Osman Gazi in Anatolia. Had 36 different Sultans from beginning to end. First four Sultans expanded empire's territory significantly
Osman Gazi founded Ottoman dynasty in 1258, leading Ghazis army against Byzantines. Mehmed the Conqueror conquered Constantinople in 1453 using gunpowder technology. Empire extended from Egypt to Vienna under Suleiman I's rule
Ottoman Empire began in 1299 with Osman Gazi's arrival in Anatolia. Osman established Principality of Osman with Bursa as capital. Orhan Gazi expanded empire to Gallipoli and Dardanelles in 1354. Murad I conquered Balkan territories and Asia Minor after Orhan's death
Ottoman Empire ruled over three continents for over 600 years. Empire reached peak with 1.8 million square kilometers under 36 sultans. Mongol invasion in 13th century led to independent tribal governments
Osman founded Ottoman dynasty in Anatolia in 1301. Orhan became sultan in 1324, doubling empire's size. Bayazid I conquered western and central Anatolia in 1391. Ottoman Empire captured Constantinople in 1453