Chord symbols consist of root, quality, extension number, alterations, and bass. Root is usually lowest note, can be different with slash. Quality indicates triad type, major chords use only root. Extension numbers indicate possible 7th extensions
Musical form refers to the structure of a composition or performance. Form results from interaction of sound, harmony, melody, and rhythm. Musical units are labeled with letters: A for first statement, B for contrasting sections
Tritone is a musical interval spanning three adjacent whole tones. Chromatic scale contains 12 distinct tritones, 6 augmented fourths and 6 diminished fifths. In twelve-tone equal temperament, tritone divides octave exactly in half
Medieval music spans 6th to 15th centuries in Western Europe. Divided into Early (500-1000), High (1000-1300), and Late (1300-1400) periods. Includes both sacred and secular music genres
Tonality arranges pitches and chords in hierarchical relationships. The tonic is the stable pitch or root of a triad. The root of the tonic triad forms the key name. Simple folk music often starts and ends with the tonic note
Dynamics indicate variations in loudness between notes or phrases. Two basic markings: p (soft) and f (loud). Dynamic markings are relative and require performer interpretation