Turkey became a secular nation-state under Atatürk's leadership in 1923. The Caliphate was abolished in 1924, replaced by the Directorate for Religious Affairs. The Turkish Constitution of 1924 replaced the 1921 version. The secularization of education and administration was implemented
McDonaldization is the process of society adopting fast-food restaurant characteristics. George Ritzer introduced the concept in 1993 book "The McDonaldization of Society". McDonaldization is a reconceptualization of rationalization and scientific management
Social change involves alterations in cultural symbols, rules, organizations, and value systems. Change can originate from diffusion, ecosystem changes, technology, and population growth. Human societies exhibit both small-scale and short-term changes
Born in Moscow in 1672 as Pyotr Alekseyevich to Tsar Alexis and Natalya Naryshkina. Became Tsar at age ten after his sickly brother Ivan V's death in 1696
Thailand was formerly known as Siam, meaning "dark brown" in Sanskrit. King Ramathibodhi I established Ayutthaya as capital in 1350 CE. King Rama I moved capital to Bangkok in 1782
Born in 1672 as third son of Tsar Alexis and Natalya Naryshkina. Became tsar at age ten after defeating sickly half-brother Ivan. Faced Streltsy revolt in 1682, leading to co-tsarcy with Ivan