Ex post facto means "from a thing done afterward" in Latin. US Constitution prohibits both Congress and states from passing ex post facto laws. Supreme Court defined ex post facto as punishing innocent actions retroactively
Fair use doctrine originated in 18th-19th century common law. Became statutory in 1976 Copyright Act. Supreme Court has clarified fair use since 1980s
Citations and footnotes follow specific formatting rules for legal authorities. Subsequent citations and cross-references are defined in the standard. Punctuation, numbers, and foreign words are clearly indicated
Adult guardianship can be ordered for neglect or endangerment due to physical/mental conditions or substance abuse. Guardianship can be requested by adult, spouse, relatives, legal guardians, or institutions. Court may appoint interim administrator during application process
Court issued decisions on international arbitration from March 2018 to December 2022. Cases include Caster Semenya, Sun Yang, Clorox v. Venezuela, and STX v. Singaporean Companies. Court addressed issues of jurisdiction, parties' rights, and arbitrator fees
Second Amendment adopted in 1791 as part of Bill of Rights. Provides constitutional check on federal militia organization and discipline. Enshrines principle of civil and military virtue between citizens and soldiers