Caesar cipher is a monoalphabetic substitution cipher using letter shifts. Each letter is replaced by a letter shifted by a fixed offset. Shifts can be right (A to B) or left (B to A). Alphabet rotates on itself, making it sometimes called rotation cipher
Vigenere cipher was invented by Blaise de Vigenère in 1586. It combines shift cipher with keyword to change shift at each step. Uses letters as keys and alphabet for encryption and decryption
MD5 creates 128-bit digital fingerprint for data like passwords. MD5 hash consists of 32 hexadecimal characters (0123456789abcdef). Invented by Ronald Rivest in 1991 to replace MD4
Detects over 200 different encryption types from text messages. Uses artificial intelligence and machine learning for detection. Based on multilayer perceptron architecture
Caesar cipher is one of the oldest and most famous historical ciphers. Named after Julius Caesar, used for military communications. Each letter corresponds to another letter shifted forward or backward. Shifts of 0 or 26 result in no encryption
2^64 represents 264, which is a doubling of 2 64 times. Powers of 2 from 0 to 128 include 2^0, 2^1, 2^2, 2^3, 2^4, 2^5, 2^6, 2^7, 2^8, 2^9, 2^10, 2^16, 2^21, 2^22, 2^23, 2^24, 2^26, 2^29, 2^32, 2^42, 2^56, 2^64, 2^70, 2^80, 2^128