Circuit symbols show connections between components in diagrams. Actual component layout differs from diagram layout. Breadboard diagrams needed for building circuits
Electrical elements represent idealized components for network analysis. All networks can be analyzed as interconnected elements. Elements can be lumped-element (schematic) or distributed-element (infinitesimal)
Capacitors store energy and are passive circuit elements. Capacitance depends on area, spacing, and material permittivity. Capacitors have voltage limit and cannot handle abrupt voltage changes. Capacitors store energy and have memory properties. Capacitors are open circuits to DC
Bias tee separates DC and AC power using inductor and capacitor. Device provides 2-input, 1-output power flow. Inductor blocks AC signal, capacitor blocks DC signal
Capacitor stores electrical charge between plates. Energy stored in capacitor is electrostatic potential energy. Capacitor stores energy by maintaining electric potential after charging
Capacitors store voltage in electronic circuits. Electrolytic capacitors fail from current discharge or electrolyte depletion. Non-electrolytic capacitors typically fail from charge leakage. Capacitance is measured in farads (F) or microfarads (µ)