Boiling-point elevation occurs when a solution has a higher boiling point than pure solvent. It is a colligative property that depends on dissolved particle number but not identity. Can be measured using an ebullioscope
Solution is a homogeneous mixture of components with particles smaller than 1 nm. Solutions consist of solvent and solute components. Solvent dissolves solute, solute is dissolved in solvent. Solutions can be in solid, liquid or gas states
Van't Hoff factor (i) measures solute's impact on solution's colligative properties. It's the ratio of particles formed to moles of initial formula units. Formula: i = moles of particles/moles of solute dissolved. Can be expressed as i = 1 + α(n - 1)
van't Hoff factor (i) measures particles formed per mole of solute. Formula: i = moles of particles / moles dissolved solute. Alternative formula: i = 1 + α(n – 1) for partial dissociation
Van't Hoff factor (i) measures solute's effect on solution's colligative properties. For non-electrolytes, i equals 1. For ionic compounds, i equals total number of ions per formula unit. Named after Jacobus Henricus Van't Hoff, first Nobel Prize winner