Returns Element object with matching ID string. IDs must be unique within document. Returns null if no matching element found
Lists are dynamically sized arrays similar to C++ vectors and Java ArrayList. Lists allow storing multiple data items under single variable. Input() function is used differently for list input
Turtle library enables drawing circles using the circle() command. The default radius is 90 pixels. The speed parameter controls the drawing speed
Iterates over dictionary key-value pairs using items() function. Returns matching key if found, None otherwise. Example: finding admin users in user database
JavaScript 1.2+ uses window.location.reload() method. Method works in all major browsers including IE, Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Opera. Default behavior is to reload from cache
Finds position of first occurrence of substring in string. Returns position or false if substring not found. String positions start at 0, not 1