Physical cosmology has achieved consensus on the Standard Model (SM). Universe evolved from high temperature state through expansion and cooling. SM extends gravity theory to describe universe's overall structure. FLRW models provide simplest solution within decade of Einstein's discovery
Cosmology studies universe's origin and fate, closely related to astronomy. Ancient Greeks developed geocentric model, refined by Ptolemy. Copernicus proposed heliocentric model in 1543, challenging Church's center. Newton developed gravity theory, explaining planetary motion
Nobara is a first-year student at Tokyo Jujutsu High. Her name combines "wild rose" and "nail" kanji to represent her personality. Created by Gege Akutami alongside her powers and abilities. Initially hotheaded and brashness contrasts with other students' altruism
Heat death suggests universe will reach thermodynamic equilibrium. Idea stems from second law of thermodynamics' tendency to increase entropy. Kelvin first proposed concept in 1851, extending thermodynamics to universe
String theory replaces point particles with one-dimensional objects called strings. Strings behave like particles on scales larger than the string scale. String theory describes how strings propagate and interact through space. One string state corresponds to the graviton, carrying gravitational force
Universe began 13.8 billion years ago according to 2015 research. Planck epoch occurred at 10^-12 seconds, with no subatomic particles forming. Four fundamental forces emerged: gravitation, electromagnetic, weak, and strong. Universe expanded rapidly through inflation, reaching 10^78x volume