Tutorial uses HB and 3B graphite pencils, eraser, and drawing paper. Fish are easy to draw, making them ideal for beginners
First ballpoint pen patent issued to John J. Loud in 1888. László Bíró developed modern ballpoint design in 1938. Bíró brothers created "Birome" design for Royal Air Force in 1943
Wax tablets were used before rubber erasers for pencil marks. Stone bits were used for parchment and papyrus documents. First rubber eraser invented by Edward Nairne in 1770. Vulcanization process made rubber erasers durable in 1839
Founded in Berlin in 1906 as Simplizissiumus-Füllhalter. Currently based in Hamburg, Germany. Part of Swiss Richemont group since 1993. Owned by South African Rupert family through Richemont
Start with a teardrop shape and gradually bend its lines to create flickering effect. Add two smaller teardrop shapes to give flame dimension. Color the smallest teardrop yellow, medium orange, and biggest red. Remove pencil outlines for more realistic appearance
Back and forth strokes create even colors in large areas. Circular motions add texture to objects and create 3D effects. Pressure changes create different shades and create shadows. Hatching uses parallel lines to fill spaces with color. Cross-hatching creates darker shadows by drawing perpendicular lines