Pardos were triracial descendants of Europeans, Indigenous Americans and Africans. Term became synonymous with mulatto in colonial Mexico. Unlike negro, pardo had no association with slavery
Muhammad's death created a Muslim state with unclear succession rules. Abu Bakr was elected as Caliph after Ali's absence in the election. Apostasy spread across Arabia, leading to the Ridda Wars. Khalid Ibn Al-Walid defeated apostates in Central Arabia