IP is a protocol that enables devices to communicate over networks. Every device on the Internet is assigned a unique IP address. Data packets are broken down into smaller chunks for routing
CIDR represents the number of continuous bits of 1s in IP binary notation. Network address is obtained by ANDing IP and network mask. Broadcast address is obtained by ORing IP with mask length part
Open Windows Settings via Win+I shortcut. Navigate to Network & internet tab. Select internet source and click Edit. Choose Manual option and enable IPv4. Enter new gateway and save changes
2^64 represents 264, which is a doubling of 2 64 times. Powers of 2 from 0 to 128 include 2^0, 2^1, 2^2, 2^3, 2^4, 2^5, 2^6, 2^7, 2^8, 2^9, 2^10, 2^16, 2^21, 2^22, 2^23, 2^24, 2^26, 2^29, 2^32, 2^42, 2^56, 2^64, 2^70, 2^80, 2^128
Node is either redistribution point or communication endpoint in telecommunications networks. Physical nodes can be data communication equipment (modems, hubs, switches) or data terminal equipment (computers). Every LAN/WAN node on data link layer must have network address. Some data-link-layer devices like switches don't need IP addresses
IPv4 is the first standalone version of Internet Protocol. First deployed on SATNET in 1982 and ARPANET in 1983. Uses 32-bit addresses providing 4.29 billion unique addresses. Operates on best-effort delivery model without guaranteed delivery