Harold Godwinson became king of England in January 1066. William claimed Edward the Confessor promised him the throne in 1051. Harald Hardrada and Tostig led Norwegian invasion force
Parliament originated from 13th century English sheriffs' advice to kings. Edward I established joint meetings of Great Council and King's Court. 1295 Model Parliament was first representative assembly. Parliament initially consisted of king, Lords, and Commons
Whigs emerged as opposition to absolute monarchy and Catholic emancipation. Term "Whig" derived from Scottish cattle drivers' "whiggamore". Party supported parliamentary supremacy and Protestant dissenters. Initially opposed French trade and protectionism
Born around 1540 in Tavistock, England, to Protestant farmer Edmund Drake. Trained as a purser under William Hawkins's household. Participated in four English slave voyages between 1562 and 1569
Parliament evolved from great councils of bishops and peers advising English monarch. Magna Carta established king's limited power and taxation consent requirement. Parliament first called "Parliament" in 1236
Puritans were English Protestants seeking to reform Church of England. They rejected Catholic practices and maintained Church of England's incomplete reform. Puritans adopted covenant theology and believed in double predestination. Conversion process involved preparatory phase, humiliation, justification, and sanctification