Chloramphenicol is a broad-spectrum antibiotic discovered in 1947. It inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to bacterial ribosomes. Available as oral capsules, intravenous prodrug, and topical eye drops
M. genitalium is a small, sexually transmitted bacterium found in human urogenital tract. First isolated in 1981, identified as new species in 1983. Genome consists of 580,070 base pairs, making it one of smallest organisms. Can adhere to host cells using proteins P110 and P140
MAC is a complex of three Mycobacterium species found in soil and water. Infection occurs through inhalation or ingestion, usually via gastrointestinal tract. MAC bacteria can be found in shower heads, making inhalation possible
Genital herpes is caused by HSV and typically presents with blisters that heal into ulcers. Disease spreads through direct genital contact during sex, with 7.5% annual transmission risk. HSV-1 is more common in developed world, HSV-2 historically more prevalent
Gram-positive coccus found in female genital tract and perineum. Causes 10-20% of community-acquired UTIs. Recognized as cause of UTIs in early 1970s
Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by Treponema pallidum bacteria. Disease presents in four stages: primary, secondary, latent and tertiary. Primary stage shows painless skin ulceration called chancre. Secondary stage causes rash and mucous membrane sores. Latent stage has no symptoms and can last years