Adjuvant therapy is additional treatment given after primary therapy. Term coined by Paul Carbone in 1963. First randomized trial showed breast cancer adjuvant therapy reduced recurrence
Nivolumab (Opdivo) is a human IgG4 monoclonal antibody targeting PD-1. Approved by FDA in 2014 for various cancers including melanoma and mesothelioma. First FDA-approved immunotherapy for gastric cancer. Made from Chinese hamster ovary cells
Perioperative chemotherapy has become standard treatment for resectable GC. FLOT regimen shows improved survival compared to standard ECF/ECX. Adjuvant chemotherapy recommended for stage II-III disease. MSI-H/dMMR subtype shows better prognosis with surgery alone
First-line treatment for metastatic NSCLC with PD-L1 ≥1%. No EGFR or ALK genomic tumor aberrations required. Patients must be 18 years or older
Breast cancer diagnosis begins with physical examination and symptom discussion. Imaging tests include mammograms, ultrasound, and MRI for breast tissue examination. Biopsy confirms cancer diagnosis by removing tissue sample for laboratory testing. Staging determines cancer extent, ranging from 0 (contained in duct) to 4 (spread)
Keytruda (pembrolizumab) is an immunotherapy medication for 19 different cancers. Approved by FDA in 2014 for advanced melanoma. Blocks PD-1 protein on T cells to enhance immune response