Founded in 1854 by anti-slavery activists opposed to Kansas-Nebraska Act. Initially supported classical liberalism and industrial development. Lincoln's 1860 election triggered Southern secession. Party led Civil War to abolish slavery and preserve Union
As of May 2024, there are 393 registered political parties in UK and Northern Ireland. Only registered party names can be used on ballot papers. Parties traditionally were private organizations without state recognition
Social democracy supports gradual, reformist approach to achieving limited socialism. Advocates for mixed economy with state regulation and welfare programs. Promotes universal access to public services and social equality. Connects strongly with trade unions and labor movement
President serves as head of state and government, elected for four-year terms. George Washington was first president, winning unanimous Electoral College vote. Grover Cleveland served two non-consecutive terms
Parties categorized by economic orientation and life model on X-axis and Y-axis. Data collected through 2019 Chapel Hill Expert Survey by 400 policy experts. Party positions may change over time, chart serves as overview only
Third World was coined by Alfred Sauvy during Cold War. Nations were categorized into First, Second, Third, and Fourth World. First World included capitalist nations aligned with NATO. Second World consisted of communist nations allied with Soviet Union. Third World encompassed underdeveloped nations not aligned with major powers