Cell cycle is sequential events leading to cell division into two daughter cells. Eukaryotic cells have two main stages: interphase and M phase. Prokaryotic cells have B, C, and D periods
Cell division occurs when parent cell divides into two daughter cells. Eukaryotes have mitosis for identical cells and meiosis for gametes. Prokaryotes divide through binary fission or budding. All cell divisions require DNA replication before division
Plant cells contain cellulose, hemicelluloses, and pectin in their cell walls. They have large vacuoles that regulate turgor pressure. Cell division occurs through the formation of a phragmoplast. Most plant cells lack flagella and centrioles except in gametes
Nuclear envelope consists of two lipid bilayer membranes surrounding nucleus. Outer membrane is continuous with endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Space between membranes is called perinuclear space, 10-50 nm wide. Contains nuclear pores for material movement between cytosol and nucleus
The nucleolus is the largest structure in eukaryotic cell nuclei. It is composed of proteins, DNA, and RNA. Nucleoli form around specific chromosomal regions called nucleolar organizing regions. A diploid human cell can have up to ten nucleolus organizer regions
Centriole is a cylindrical organelle composed mainly of tubulin protein. Found in most eukaryotic cells but absent in conifers and flowering plants. Forms centrosome with bound pair of centrioles surrounded by pericentriolar material. Contains nine sets of microtubule triplets arranged in cylinder