Brazil requires VAT numbers for all parcels sent to the country. VAT numbers are divided into CNPJ (company) and CPF (private) types. CPF is mandatory for individuals owning Brazilian assets. CNPJ is issued by the Ministry of Finance for companies
DDP is an international delivery agreement outlined by ICC. Seller assumes all responsibility until goods reach destination port. Includes shipping costs, duties, insurance, and customs documentation
UNECE was founded in 1947 with 56 member states. Commissions support economic integration and sustainable development. UNECE works with all UN member states, including Northern America and Central Asia
IPO replaced export incentive system in 1996 under Customs Union Agreement. Allows manufacturers to import raw materials duty-free for exported goods. Aims to maintain world market prices and enhance Turkish exporters' competitiveness
Dual clearance system uses Red Channel for declared items and Green Channel for nothing. Travelers must declare items and provide valid certificates when entering/leaving China. Failure to declare items results in penalties under Customs Law
FOB (Free On Board) specifies delivery obligations and risk transfer under Incoterms. Term only used in non-containerized sea freight and inland waterway transport. FOB port means seller pays to port and loading costs. Risk transfers when goods are loaded on board at port. Ship's rail term dropped from Incoterms 2010