Anti-thyroid antibodies target thyroid components and are most clinically relevant. Anti-TPO antibodies most common in Hashimoto's (90%), TRAbs in Graves' (75%). Anti-sodium/iodide antibodies recently discovered, clinical relevance unknown
Hyperthyroidism is excessive thyroid hormone production by the gland. Affects about 1.2% of US population, 2.5% worldwide. More common in women, typically between 20-50 years
Graves' disease is an autoimmune thyroid disorder causing hyperthyroidism. Affects about 0.5% of males and 3.0% of females. Most common cause of hyperthyroidism in US (50-80% of cases). Usually starts between ages 40-60
Hyperthyroidism occurs when thyroid gland produces excessive hormones. Affects about 1 in 100 Americans over 12 years. More common in women and people over 60
Autoimmune disorder causing hyperthyroidism affecting nearly 1 in 100 Americans. Immune system attacks thyroid gland, producing excessive hormones. Thyroid controls body's energy use and affects nearly every organ
Exophthalmos is the bulging of one or both eyes from their normal position. Most commonly caused by Graves' disease, an overactive thyroid gland. Can result from various conditions affecting eye tissues or surrounding area