World's tallest building at 1,451 feet, opened in 1973. Designed by Bruce Graham and Fazlur Rahman Khan as nine square tubes. Construction cost about $150 million, completed in May 1973. First building to use innovative 3x3 matrix design system
Spacecraft propulsion accelerates vehicles in space vacuum. Propulsion systems change spacecraft velocity and momentum. Specific impulse measures efficiency of propulsion systems
The Shard is a 72-story pyramid-shaped skyscraper designed by Renzo Piano. The building stands at 309.6 metres, making it the UK's tallest structure. Construction began in March 2009 and was completed in November 2012. The tower features 11,000 glass panes and a combined heat and power plant
Load-bearing walls are early structural elements that transfer loads to foundations. Flying buttresses in Gothic architecture allowed more weight transfer. Notre Dame Cathedral is an example of a load-bearing wall structure
Arcade is a succession of arches supported by columns or piers. Ancient Greeks and Romans used arcades extensively. Gothic architecture featured arcades in cathedrals and cloisters. Renaissance architects used elegant arcades on facades
Buttresses support masonry walls by counteracting lateral forces. Ancient Romans used arches and buttresses for amphitheater seating. Medieval architects experimented with exterior buttresses before Gothic period