Earth is divided into Northern and Southern Hemispheres at the equator. Northern Hemisphere runs from 0° to 90° North, Southern from 0° to 90° South. Northern Hemisphere contains 6.7 billion people (87% of world population). Southern Hemisphere contains 1 billion people (13% of world population)
Quasars are bright cores of active galaxies containing supermassive black holes. Matter falls into black hole forming spiraling accretion disk. Gas clouds move at speeds up to 80% of light speed. Hot accretion disk and magnetically collimated jet create bright nucleus
Nebulae are luminescent parts of interstellar medium containing hydrogen and dust. Most nebulae are vast, some hundreds of light-years in diameter. Densest nebulae can have densities of 104 molecules per cubic centimeter. Most nebulae are less dense than Earth's vacuum (105-107 molecules/cm³)
Quasars are extremely luminous active galactic nuclei powered by supermassive black holes. They emit electromagnetic radiation thousands of times brighter than Milky Way. Most quasars are radio-quiet, with only about 10% having strong jets. Quasars range from 600 million to 31.7 billion light-years away
The Solar System formed 4.6 billion years ago from a molecular cloud's collapse. The Sun contains 99.86% of the system's mass and is a G2 main-sequence star. The system is divided into the inner (terrestrial) and outer (giant) regions
TON 618 is a hyperluminous quasar located 18.2 billion light-years from Earth. First observed in 1957 as faint blue star in Tonantzintla Observatory. Discovered as radio-loud quasar in 1970 by Bologna radio survey. Has absolute magnitude −30.7, 140 trillion times Sun's brightness