Prescription-only medicine containing 30mg phenytoin per 5ml. Cherry red viscous suspension for oral administration. Used for tonic-clonic and partial seizures
Each tablet contains 500 mg levetiracetam. Yellow, 16 mm oblong film-coated tablets with scoring. Prescription only medicine for epilepsy treatment
Colorless crystals or white crystalline powder with pungent bitter taste. Boiling point 2615°F, melting point 1346°F. Soluble in water, slightly hygroscopic. Neutral aqueous solution (pH about 7)
VNS aims to reduce seizure frequency, length, and severity. Effects may take up to a year to become noticeable. Works alongside anti-seizure medications, not replacing them. Can completely stop some seizures but doesn't cure epilepsy
Rufinamide is an anticonvulsant medication developed by Novartis in 2004. Approved by FDA in 2008 for Lennox-Gastaut syndrome treatment. Marketed under brand name Banzel in US and Inovelon in EU. Available as generic medication
High-fat, low-carb diet used to treat refractory epilepsy in children. Body burns fats instead of carbohydrates to produce ketone bodies. About half of children see seizure reduction by at least half