Young Turks emerged in Ottoman Empire in late 19th century as political group. Unionists sought alliance with Triple Entente, then turned to Germany. Germany saw Ottoman Sultan-Caliph as potential jihad proponent. Black Sea incident forced Ottoman entry into war on October 29, 1914
Born in Istanbul in 1881, graduated from military high school in Monastir. Joined Ottoman Liberty Association in 1906, later became CUP leader. Participated in Macedonian revolution in 1908, leading to constitutional regime