Established in 2012 as Cooperation Council of Turkic-speaking states. Currently has 5 members: Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Türkiye. Headquarters located in Istanbul, with Secretary General from Kyrgyzstan
Brazil recognized Paraguay's independence from Spain in 1844. 1932 Treaty established border and provided free Paraguay River navigation. Itaipu hydroelectric dam completed in 1984, supplying electricity to both countries. Brazil supported Paraguayan dictatorship in 1960s-1970s. Brazil played key role in Paraguay's transition to democracy in 1989