RS-485 was introduced in 1983 as a balanced serial communication standard. Published jointly by TIA/EIA, defining electrical characteristics of drivers and receivers. Supports multipoint systems and long-distance communication in noisy environments
Servomotor is a rotary or linear actuator for precise position control. Consists of motor, position sensor, and controller for closed-loop control. Uses position feedback to control motion and final position
Actuator converts electrical, pneumatic or hydraulic input into mechanical motion. Requires control device and energy source, which can be voltage or fluid pressure. Can produce linear or rotational motion, with rotary being more natural for large displacements
System errors include 1000-1002 for general system issues. Channel errors cover 1010-1019 for specific channel and axis problems. Floating point arithmetic errors appear in 1018-1019. Link module errors occur in 1030-1031
NPN and PNP outputs provide binary (ON/OFF) information in industrial sensors. Standard wiring: brown (power), blue (ground), black (signal). PNP outputs change signal voltage when sensor activates. NPN outputs require pull-up resistance (4.7kΩ) for signal detection
SINAMICS STARTER V5.6 HF2 released July 29, 2024. Tool supports SINAMICS, ET200 FC and MICROMASTER 4 systems. Available in German, English, French, Spanish and Italian languages. Free to use without license key, but legal licensing requires certificate