Drive-by-wire uses electronics instead of mechanical linkages for vehicle control. Similar to fly-by-wire in aviation industry. May control propulsion only or include steering and braking
TCU controls electronic automatic transmissions using vehicle and engine sensors. Modern TCUs evolved from hydromechanical to electronic controls since late 1980s. Modern TCUs achieve better fuel economy and improved shift quality
Car keys open doors, start ignition, and access glove compartment and trunk. Modern keys are symmetrical with grooves instead of cut edges. Some cars include valet keys that prevent access to trunk contents
Schematic is a graphic representation of system elements using abstract symbols. Omits unnecessary details and includes oversimplified elements for better understanding. Used in subway maps, chemical processes, and electronic circuits
Quickshifter eliminates clutch/throttle use for manual transmission gear shifting. Shifts typically occur in less than 50 milliseconds. Microcontroller detects gear shift via sensor and calculates timing
DC is one-directional flow of electric charge. Can flow through conductors, semiconductors, insulators, or vacuum. Formerly called galvanic current. Can be converted to AC using rectifiers or vice versa