Gauss's law states that electric field lines exiting a closed surface are proportional to enclosed charge. Electric flux through a surface equals enclosed charge divided by vacuum permittivity. Gauss's law is most useful for highly symmetrical charge distributions
Magnetic field lines represent force around magnets and magnetized objects. Magnetic field is a vector quantity with magnitude and direction. Field strength is measured by number of lines crossing perpendicular area
Electron is a negative charged subatomic particle that orbits nucleus. Electrons have half-integer spin and no two can occupy same quantum state. Electrons exhibit both particle and wave properties. Electrons have mass of 9.11E-31 kg or 5.489 × 10^-4 AMU
Born in 1777 in Denmark to pharmacist father. Graduated from University of Copenhagen with pharmacology degree in 1796. Received Ph.D. in philosophy from University of Copenhagen in 1799
Magnetic field is an invisible area around magnet where magnetic forces are exerted. Fields are created by moving electric charges and magnetic materials. Iron filings can visualize magnetic fields, strongest at poles
Dimensions are powers of fundamental units needed to obtain physical quantity units. Dimensions of fundamental quantities are M (mass), L (length), T (time). Dimensional equations relate derived units to fundamental units using dimensions