Conduit protects and routes electrical wiring in buildings. Made of metal, plastic, fiber, or fired clay. Rigid conduit is most common, flexible used for specific purposes. PVC conduit is lightweight and cost-effective. Fiberglass conduit offers flame resistance and low weight
Steel wire armoured cable (SWA) provides mains electricity supply in underground systems. Conductor consists of plain stranded copper, insulation uses XLPE. PVC bedding and black sheath complete the cable structure. Steel wire armour provides mechanical protection and can serve as earth wire
Electrical wiring includes cabling and devices installed in structures. Safety standards vary by location and country. IEC harmonizes standards but significant variations remain
Mandatory colors are Green/Bare for ground and White/Gray for neutral. Single-phase 120V uses Black for phase, White for neutral, Green/Yellow for ground. Single-phase 240V uses Black/Red for phase 1, White/Red for phase 2. Three-phase 208V uses Blue/Orange/Black for phase 1, White/Gray for neutral
RCD protects against electric shock by detecting live-neutral current imbalance. Device monitors current through live and neutral wires. Can detect small imbalances before causing electric shock
Calculator converts KVA to KW using Apparent Power and Power factor. Real Power equals Apparent Power multiplied by Power factor. Power factor is typically between 0 and 1