AC alternates in direction and magnitude periodically. First invented by Michael Faraday in 1832. Common frequency is 50-60Hz in most countries. Used in lights, motors, and electricity transmission
Wattage equals amps multiplied by volts (W=A×V). Circuit breakers show maximum amps on their handles. Household wiring typically uses 120 or 240 volts
Horsepower was introduced by James Watt to measure steam engine power. Horsepower is a unit of power used in various industries
Power conversion is the process of transforming electric energy between different forms. Power converters can transform between alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC). Systems often incorporate redundancy and voltage regulation
Harmonics are sinusoidal waves at integer multiples of fundamental frequency. Non-linear loads like rectifiers and discharging lighting create harmonic frequencies. Harmonics can cause power quality problems and equipment heating
Plugs connect devices to mains electricity, sockets are fixed receptacles. First portable appliances plugs appeared in 1880s to replace light sockets. Plugs and sockets differ in voltage, current rating, shape, and connector type