Catastrophe refers to a major, unexpected, and devastating event. Lack of oscillations indicates the onset of catastrophes. Dramatic catastrophes provide insights into cultural structures
Interwar period lasted from 1918 to 1939, marking significant global changes. Roaring Twenties brought prosperity with petroleum-based energy and mechanisation. Great Depression hit world economy, causing 15% GDP decline between 1929-1932
Zimbabwe is a landlocked country in Southeast Africa, bordered by South Africa, Botswana, Zambia and Mozambique. Capital and largest city is Harare, with population of approximately 16.6 million (2024). Shona people make up 80% of population, followed by Northern Ndebele
Weimar Republic lasted from 1918 to 1933, named after Weimar town. World War I left Germany devastated, with 19% male population casualties. Kaiser abdicated in November 1918, leading to unrest and violence. New constitution created in 1919 with president, chancellor, and proportional representation
Term first applied to Ottoman Empire during 19th century decline. Russian Tsar Nicholas I first described Ottoman Empire as "sick man" in 1853. Metternich opposed the term, fearing it would make Austria "sick man of Danube". Term first appeared in New York Times in 1860 about Habsburg monarchy
Board consists of seven officials, including chair Jerome Powell. Governors serve 14-year staggered terms, with chair and vice chairs reappointed every four years. Board operates from Marriner S. Eccles Building in Washington, D.C. Employs about 3,000 economists and analysts for research