SDRs are IMF's supplementary foreign exchange reserve assets. Created in 1969 to supplement gold and USD reserves. Value based on basket of five currencies reviewed every five years. Currently consists of USD 43.38%, euro 29.31%, yuan 12.28%, yen 7.59%, pound 7.44%
Pakistan is a developing economy with nominal GDP of $374.6 billion (2024). GDP per capita is $1,587 (nominal) and 161st globally (nominal). Agriculture accounts for 23.17% of GDP, services 58.42%. Main exports include textiles, food, chemicals, and petroleum
Reserve currencies were first used in 13th-16th centuries with gold-based currencies. Spanish silver dollar created first global reserve currency in 16th-19th centuries. British pound sterling became dominant reserve currency in 19th century. US dollar replaced pound sterling as world's dominant reserve currency
Central banks hold reserves in currencies like USD and euro for balance payments. Reserves include banknotes, deposits, government securities, gold, and SDRs. Central banks earn interest on government securities but not on cash or gold
Average 2023 reserves across 135 countries was 107.34 billion USD. China led with 3449.54 billion USD, Burundi had lowest at 0.09 billion USD. Data covers period from 1960 to 2023
Dollar is world's most important reserve currency since WWII. Makes up 59% of global foreign exchange reserves. China has most reported reserves at over $3 trillion. US holds approximately $244 billion in reserves