1N4001 is a general-purpose rectifier diode in 1N400x series. Conducts current in one direction from anode to cathode. Maximum forward current is 1 amp, peak current up to 30 amps. Reverse voltage capability up to 50 volts. Operates in temperature range -55°C to +175°C
Electronic components are basic devices affecting electrons in electronic systems. Components have electrical terminals connecting to other components. Components can be packaged discretely or integrated into packages
Resistors control current flow in circuits, with resistance between metal and insulator. Diodes allow current flow in one direction, represented by triangle pointing at line. LEDs are diodes that produce light, with resistance decreasing with temperature. Transistors control current flow and function as on/off switches
Resistors limit current flow and are measured in Ohms. Ohm's law: V = I × R or I = V/R. Resistors can be connected in series or parallel for customized values. Used to protect devices from overcurrent and as potential dividers
Electronic components are classified into active, passive, and electromechanical types. Active components require energy source and control electron flow. Passive components increase or decrease voltage without energy input
Diode clipping produces flattened output waveforms from input signals. Forward bias allows current flow, reverse bias blocks current. Input voltage can be any waveform shape, typically sinusoidal