TOLC exam is an online exam administered at Italian universities. English versions of TOLC-I, TOLC-E and TOLC-F started in 2018-2020. Exams are conducted at university centers or online through TOLC @ CASA
Tooth whitening lightens teeth through chemical degradation of chromogens. Hydrogen peroxide is most commonly used active ingredient in whitening products. Treatment effectiveness depends on time exposure and bleaching concentration
Dental hygienists must have associate's or bachelor's degree from accredited school. Programs include general education and dental hygiene-specific courses. Graduates must pass written and clinical board exams
Most visible tooth in upper jaw, located mesial to lateral incisor. Functions for cutting food during mastication. Forms at 14 weeks in utero for deciduous teeth, 3-4 months for permanent teeth
Humans have four types of teeth: incisors, canines, premolars, and molars. Teeth function to mechanically break down food for digestion. Humans have 20 primary teeth and 32 permanent teeth. Teeth are made of enamel, dentin, cementum, and dental pulp
Treats gingivitis by reducing gum inflammation and bleeding. Available only with dentist's or medical doctor's prescription. Comes in liquid and solution forms