Braces are divided into fixed and removable categories. Fixed braces require professional removal and consist of cemented brackets. Removable braces are custom-made plastic trays that can be removed at any time
Various brushing techniques have been recommended since early 20th century. Horizontal, vibratory, vertical, and rotary brushing methods exist. Each technique has advantages, disadvantages, and specific indications
Ancient Egyptians used twigs and leaves for tooth cleaning as early as 3000 BC. Islamic tradition uses miswak five times daily since 610 AD. Modern toothbrushing became common in Europe from late 17th century. First mass-produced toothbrush developed in England by William Addis in 1780
Plaque is a soft, sticky biofilm that forms on teeth. It contains millions of bacteria that feed on daily food. Plaque forms where teeth and gums meet. Plaque can be pale yellow or colorless
Apply pea-sized fluoride toothpaste to soft-bristled toothbrush. Brush teeth at 45-degree angle, using circular motions. Brush front, back, and top of each tooth. Brush for 2 minutes total, divided into 4 quadrants. Finish with tongue cleaning and rinse with water
Brush teeth twice daily with fluoride toothpaste for at least two minutes. Floss once daily to remove plaque and food particles. Replace toothbrush every 3-4 months