Hand sewing offers cost-effective and precise control compared to machine sewing. Choose appropriate needle size based on fabric type. Thread should be cut 2.5 times project length
Seam is the join where two or more fabric layers are held together with stitches. Plain seam is most common, joining fabric face-to-face with raw edges. French seam fully encloses raw edges for neat finish. Flat seam joins fabric edge-to-edge without overlap
Straight stitch creates clean finish for seams and hems. Zigzag stitch prevents fraying on woven fabrics. Backstitch, whipstitch, and blanket stitch are other common types
Basic stitches include running, basting, backstitch, and slip stitch. Hand stitching is used for garment mending and stuffed animals. Whip stitch works well for flat edges and quilting
Thread needle with two times the amount needed for safety. Cut thread with sharp scissors and lick the end. Poke needle through wrong side of fabric and pull thread through. Make first stitch by pulling thread through fabric until resistance. Keep stitches in straight line following dashed pattern
Square paper folded horizontally forms basic dart shape. Lower right corner folded up to create triangle. Bottom edge folded up to center crease. Angled bottom half flipped over crease. Final shape completed by wrapping in excess paper