Mustafa Kemal started education in Hafiz Mehmet Efendi's school. He graduated from Military College in 1902 and Military Academy in 1905. Participated in battles in Libya, Gallipoli, and Balkan Wars. Led successful Gallipoli campaign against Entente forces
Born in Salonica in 1881 to Ali Rıza Efendi and Zübeyde Hanım. Received military education from Military Middle School to Istanbul Military Academy. Graduated as Captain in 1905 after completing Army War College
Born in 1881 in Salonika to customs official Ali Rıza Efendi and Zübeyde Hanım. Lost father early and lived with uncle in country. Entered Military Middle School in Salonika, then Military High School in Manastır. Graduated from Military Academy in 1905 as captain
Born in 1883 in Bursa to a Bulgarian immigrant family. Joined Committee of Union and Progress in 1907. Founded İzmir branch of CUP in 1911. Worked in various financial institutions including Deutsche Orientbank
Kingdom established in 1861 through Risorgimento process of Italian unification. Victor Emmanuel II became first king, capital moved from Turin to Florence. Italy gained Veneto in 1866 and Rome in 1870 through Franco-Prussian War. Kingdom expanded through annexations and military conquests
Parliament convened in November 1640 after Short Parliament's three-week failure. Charles I summoned parliament to pass financial bills for Bishops' Wars. Parliament dissolved only with member agreement, not until March 1660