Ancient Egyptians used twigs and leaves for tooth cleaning as early as 3000 BC. Islamic tradition uses miswak five times daily since 610 AD. Modern toothbrushing became common in Europe from late 17th century. First mass-produced toothbrush developed in England by William Addis in 1780
Twin block braces are removable functional appliances for overbite correction. They consist of two removable braces that work together to align jaws. Treatment costs between £500 and £900
Colgate Total uses patented technology to prevent oral problems before they occur. Colgate Optic White offers professional-grade whitening in 10 minutes daily. Colgate 360 provides comprehensive mouth cleaning for all teeth. Colgate Kids toothpaste contains enamel-safe formula for cavity prevention
MIH is a systemic enamel defect affecting first permanent molars and incisors. Prevalence ranges from 2.4% to 40.2% according to 2010 review. Most studies conducted in European countries (3.6% to 25.0%)
Genetics play a significant role in determining jaw structure and tooth number. Tooth loss can shift teeth from their original positions. Poor dental hygiene leads to plaque buildup and tooth decay. Oral habits like thumb sucking and teeth grinding can cause misalignment. Facial injuries can damage teeth and jaws
Fluoride prevents cavities by strengthening teeth and delaying enamel demineralization. CDC named water fluoridation one of 10 great public health interventions. ADA requires fluoride in products with its Seal