Turkey's Republic began with the establishment of the Republican People's Party (CHP). Atatürk repeatedly requested opposition parties to transition to multi-party democracy. The Progressive Republican Party was established in 1924 but dissolved after the Sheikh Said rebellion. The Liberal Republican Party was founded in 1930 but dissolved again. The country underwent extensive secular Westernization reforms
Born in 1948 in Tunceli, Turkey, as Kemal Karabulut. Graduated from Gazi University in 1971 and worked in finance ministry. Served as director-general of SSK from 1992 to 1999
Born in Yalova in 1964 to parents from Greece and Turkey. Graduated from Balıkesir University's Physics-Chemistry program. Worked as physics teacher and school principal
Born in Antalya in 1938, studied law at Ankara University. Earned PhD in Political Science from Ankara University in 1963. Became associate professor at Ankara University Faculty of Political Science
Born in Manisa in 1974 to Balkan Turkish family. Graduated from Ege University Faculty of Pharmacy. Worked as independent pharmacist from 1999. Served as Manisa Chamber of Pharmacists Secretary-General (2001-2007)
Born in Beypazarı in 1955, graduated from Istanbul University Law in 1983. Worked as a paperboy before becoming a private attorney