Most gallstones found on ultrasound are asymptomatic and should be left untreated. Biliary colic occurs when stones obstruct gallbladder or bile duct. Over 20% of cholecystectomy patients show unchanged symptoms
Most common abdominal emergency in early childhood, especially under 2 years. Peak incidence between 4-36 months, with 10-40% in children over 10 years. 90% of cases are ileocolic, involving ileocecal junction
CFTR modulators improve defective CFTR protein production and function. Most widely used approved modulator is elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor (ETI). Other approved modulators include ivacaftor monotherapy and dual combinations. Treatment effectiveness depends on individual CFTR gene mutations. Information provided is limited summary for diagnosis and treatment options
Occurs after Billroth II or Roux-en-Y gastrectomy reconstructions. Results from incomplete drainage of partially obstructed afferent loop. Most common in patients with redundant loops >30-40 cm. Can be caused by adhesions, kinking, tumors, or internal hernias
Occurs in 3,000-5,000 births. First successful repair performed in 1939, previously fatal. Survival rates approach 100% without other severe anomalies
Congenital cystic lesion arising from embryonic tailgut remnants. Usually multiloculated, well-demarcated cystic mass in retrorectal space. Most common epithelial lining is stratified squamous (~75%). Contains disorganized smooth muscle without neural plexi